A circular loop of radius 20.0 cm is inserted into a magnetic field directed into the page. Initially, the magnetic field has a magnitude of 0.850 T. The rate of decrease of the magnetic field is -0.0400 T/s. Considering the resistance of the ring as 5.00 Ω, find the current through it.

A newly established base 6.0 × 10 ⁹ km from Earth has set up communication with Earth. The base's 50 W transmitter sends data to Earth. Assuming equal broadcast in all directions, estimate the intensity of the signal received on Earth from the newly established base.

A team is in the process of launching a new television channel and needs to determine precise details regarding the broadcasting wavelength ranges. Describe the specific wavelength ranges for (a) VHF (Very High Frequency) band, spanning from 30 MHz to 300 MHz, which is commonly employed for TV and radar transmissions, and (b) UHF (Ultra High Frequency) frequencies ranging from 470 MHz to 700 MHz, which are typically utilized in cruise ship and aircraft navigation systems.

A space station uses an advanced laser system that emits red light with a power output as high as 7 W to deflect space debris from its path. The diameter of this laser beam measures 4mm. If we consider an instance where it aims at deflecting an object weighing around 80kg, it happens to be located 20m away from its center. (a) What would be the 'radiation-pressure' force exerted on this object if we assume it perfectly reflects all incident light? (b) Can you calculate how much gravitational pull this space station, which weighs nearly 300,000 kilograms, exerts on this object? (c) Which of these two forces exerts more influence over the other?

During a laboratory-based course, a system of two polarizing films is used to verify Malus' law. The two films have their polarization axes inclined at 40° to each other. A collimated beam of unpolarized light of intensity 5 mW/m² is sent into the system. Calculate the transmitted intensity through the polarizing system.

 As an alien spacecraft speeds towards Mars at 75% of the speed of light, it broadcasts radio signals at 150 MHz. Calculate the Doppler effect on the velocity with which these signals will be received on the surface of Mars.