A car radiator is filled with pure water. The radiator cap keeps the pressure at 3.5 atm and pushes the boiling point of water to 140°C. At 3.5 atm, the heat of vaporization is 2.11 × 10⁶ J/kg. What would be the increase in the internal energy (ΔU) of water if 250 g of the steam were formed from water at this temperature and pressure? At 3.5 atm and 140 °C, the densities of water and steam are 928.5 kg/m³ and 1.93 kg/m³, respectively.

A sample of gas has its volume reduced isobarically from 3 L to 1 L inside a vertical cylinder with a movable piston at a pressure of 1.25 atm. The gas temperature decreases by 10 °C and its internal energy by 1000 J. What is the heat exchanged (Q) during the process if (i) the gas is ideal, or (ii) the gas is not ideal?

At a temperature of 30 °C, a rubber balloon is filled with 3 moles of helium. The balloon is left out in the sun to expand.  Helium absorbs 1000 J of heat and does 800 J of work on the rubber. Determine the final temperature (T_f) of helium.

A silicate container containing 289 g of air is sealed with a piston. The gas inside the container expands under isobaric conditions and produces 500 J of work. What would be the final temperature (T_f) of the gas if the initial temperature is 290 K? The molar mass of air is 28.9 g/mol.

A container left in the sun contains 1.80 moles of an ideal gas at 68.0°C and 2.00 atm pressure. Calculate the work required to compress the gas to 1/4 of the initial volume while the pressure remains constant at 2.00 atm.