Force & Potential Energy definitions Flashcards
Force & Potential Energy definitions
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Potential Energy Graph A plot of potential energy versus position, used to analyze motion without complex equations. Total Mechanical Energy The sum of kinetic and potential energy, conserved when non-conservative work is zero. Kinetic Energy Energy of motion, calculated by subtracting potential energy from total mechanical energy. Potential Energy Well A region in a potential energy graph where an object oscillates between turning points. Turning Points Positions on a potential energy graph where an object's speed is zero and it changes direction. Slope Indicates the sign of the force on a potential energy graph; negative slope implies positive force. Equilibrium Points Positions on a potential energy graph where the force is zero, can be stable or unstable. Stable Equilibrium Occurs at a minimum potential energy point, where displacement leads to a return to equilibrium. Unstable Equilibrium Occurs at a maximum potential energy point, where displacement leads to moving away from equilibrium. Non-Conservative Forces Forces that do work on a system, changing its total mechanical energy. Mechanical Energy Conservation Principle stating total mechanical energy remains constant if only conservative forces act. Roller Coaster Analogy A way to visualize potential energy graphs as tracks, with energy changes like a roller coaster. Horizontal Line Represents constant total mechanical energy on a potential energy graph. Force Sign Determined by the opposite sign of the slope on a potential energy graph. Curving Up/Down Describes the shape of potential energy graphs at equilibrium points, indicating stability.