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Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Atomic Structure and Matter

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Terms in this set (24)

  • Who was the original philosopher that did not believe matter was made from atoms?

    Aristotle did not believe that matter was made from atoms.

  • Which atomic particles make up an atom?

    Protons, electrons, and neutrons make up an atom.

  • What is a molecule?

    A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance consisting of two or more atoms bonded by sharing electrons.

  • What is antimatter composed of?

    Antimatter is matter composed of negative nuclei and positive electrons.

  • What defines an element?

    An element is a substance composed of only one kind of atom.

  • What is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe?

    Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.

  • Who revived the atomic theory in the early 1800s?

    John Dalton was the first to successfully revive the atomic theory.

  • How do scientists visualize what an atom looks like?

    Scientists construct models to visualize atoms.

  • Where are atoms that don't exist naturally usually created?

    They are created in laboratories using high-energy accelerators and nuclear reactors.

  • Which atomic particles are the lightest?

    Electrons are the lightest atomic particles.

  • What is the correct arrangement of an atom?

    An atom has a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by orbiting electrons.

  • What does an element's atomic number represent?

    The number of protons in the nucleus.

  • What explains the constant movement of pollen grains suspended in water?

    Brownian motion explains this random movement.

  • Can atoms be seen with visible light?

    No, atoms cannot be seen with visible light.

  • Which atomic model resembles the solar system?

    The nuclear model of the atom is most similar to the solar system model.

  • How many electron shells can elements have?

    Elements can have up to seven electron shells.

  • Approximately how many atoms are in a droplet of water?

    There are about 1023 atoms in a droplet of water.

  • How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

    Elements are arranged by their atomic number and electron arrangements.

  • What is the mass number of an atom?

    The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

  • What is formed when atoms of different elements bond?

    A compound is formed when atoms of different elements bond.

  • What determines the size of an electron shell's diameter?

    The electric charge in the nucleus determines the electron shell size.

  • What is an isotope?

    An isotope is an atom with a different number of neutrons than protons in the nucleus.

  • What is a mixture?

    A mixture is a substance made by mixing without chemical bonding.

  • In which substance do atoms move the fastest?

    Atoms move fastest in the atmosphere.