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Newton's Second Law and Forces in Motion - Physics with Calculus

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Terms in this set (20)

  • Is mass a vector or scalar quantity?

    Mass is a scalar quantity; it has magnitude only and no direction.

  • How do you calculate weight from mass?

    Weight is calculated as weight = mass × gravity, where gravity \(g=9.81\,m/s^2\).

  • What is Newton's Second Law formula?

    Force = mass × acceleration, expressed as \(F=ma\).

  • What happens to acceleration when unbalanced forces act in the same direction as motion?

    Acceleration increases when unbalanced forces act in the same direction as motion.

  • What happens to acceleration when unbalanced forces act opposite to the direction of motion?

    Acceleration decreases when unbalanced forces act opposite to the direction of motion.

  • If mass doubles, how must force change to maintain the same acceleration?

    If mass doubles, the force must also double to keep the same acceleration, according to \(F=ma\).

  • What is inertia in relation to mass?

    Inertia is the resistance to changes in motion and is directly related to mass; more mass means more inertia.

  • What is terminal velocity?

    Terminal velocity occurs when air resistance equals weight, causing acceleration to become zero.

  • At terminal velocity, how do air resistance and weight compare?

    At terminal velocity, air resistance force equals weight, so the net force is zero.

  • How do you calculate acceleration with air resistance?

    Acceleration is \(a=\frac{mg - R}{m}\), where R is air resistance.

  • Why is acceleration lower with air resistance than in free fall?

    Because air resistance opposes gravity, reducing the net force and thus lowering acceleration.

  • Which friction is greater: static or sliding friction?

    Static friction (starting motion) is greater than sliding friction (maintaining motion).

  • Why is static friction greater than sliding friction?

    Static friction must be overcome to start motion, requiring more force than sliding friction, which acts during motion.

  • Calculate the weight of a 2 kg box on Earth.

    Weight = 2 kg × 9.81 m/s² = 19.62 N.

  • Calculate the force on a 5 kg cart accelerating at 3 m/s².

    Force = 5 kg × 3 m/s² = 15 N.

  • If a 1 kg ball needs 10 N to accelerate at 10 m/s², what force is needed for a 2 kg ball at the same acceleration?

    Force = 2 kg × 10 m/s² = 20 N.

  • Which resists acceleration more: a 1 kg rock or a 5 kg rock?

    The 5 kg rock resists acceleration more due to its greater mass and inertia.

  • Why does weight change on the Moon but mass does not?

    Weight changes because gravity differs, but mass remains constant as it is an intrinsic property.

  • What is the acceleration of a 2 kg ball falling with 10 N air resistance?

    Acceleration = (2 kg × 9.81 m/s² - 10 N) / 2 kg = 4.81 m/s².

  • Is 10 kg a vector quantity?

    No, 10 kg is a scalar quantity; it has magnitude only and no direction.