Q: According to the diathesis-stress model, which equation best represents the development of a psychological disorder?

$$\text{Disorder} = \text{Diathesis} + \text{Stress}$$

Question 1

A 32-year-old woman reports persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and difficulty sleeping for over six months. She also meets criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. Which term best describes the presence of more than one disorder in this case?

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity

Question 2

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'harmful dysfunction' as defined by Wakefield?

Accepted Answer

A person who hears voices and is unable to maintain employment or relationships

Question 3

According to the diathesis-stress model, which equation best represents the development of a psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Disorder} = 	ext{Diathesis} + 	ext{Stress}$$

Question 4

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 5

A therapist uses systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a phobia of spiders. Which learning principle is primarily being applied?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student studies to avoid being scolded by their parents

Question 7

Which paradigm emphasizes the importance of free will, self-actualization, and unconditional positive regard in therapy?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic paradigm

Question 8

A researcher finds that as stress increases, symptoms of depression also increase. Which statistical concept best describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation

Question 9

Which of the following is a limitation of the DSM-5-TR?

Accepted Answer

It may contribute to labeling and stigma

Question 10

A therapist maintains a neutral stance and avoids sharing personal information during sessions. This is an example of which therapeutic principle?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic neutrality

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a symptom and a syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A symptom is a single sign of a disorder, while a syndrome is a collection of symptoms that occur together

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of equifinality in developmental psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

Different childhood experiences (e.g., trauma, genetics, neglect) all leading to depression in adulthood

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'incidence' in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

The number of new cases of schizophrenia diagnosed in a city during 2023

Question 14

A psychologist uses the MMPI-II to assess a client. What type of assessment tool is this?

Accepted Answer

Personality inventory

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main goal of Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Accepted Answer

To identify and challenge cognitive distortions

Question 16

A client is given a series of ambiguous pictures and asked to tell a story about each one. Which type of test is being used?

Accepted Answer

Projective test

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

A child is given extra chores after misbehaving

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'reciprocal causality' in systems theory?

Accepted Answer

A child’s behavior influences parental responses, which in turn influence the child’s future behavior

Question 19

A therapist uses attribution retraining to help a client change the way they explain negative events. This technique is most closely associated with which therapeutic approach?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between test-retest reliability and interrater reliability?

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability measures consistency over time, while interrater reliability measures consistency between different observers

Abnormal Psychology: Key Concepts and Approaches

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