Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

It brings information into the central nervous system and carries signals out of it.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, and slowed digestion after a car accident. Which division of the nervous system is most active in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following statements about afferent and efferent nerves is correct?

Accepted Answer

Afferent nerves carry sensory information to the CNS, while efferent nerves carry motor signals from the CNS.

Question 4

Damage to which structure would most likely result in an inability to regulate body temperature, excessive thirst, and altered sex drive?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic system prepares the body for 'fight or flight', while the parasympathetic system restores the body to a resting state.

Question 6

Which glial cell type is responsible for creating myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

A patient has difficulty with voluntary muscle control and displays tremors and jerky movements. Which subcortical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It processes and relays sensory information to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for controlling most of the internal thoracic and abdominal viscera?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (X)

Question 10

A blockage in the cerebral aqueduct would most likely lead to which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus due to accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the cerebral cortex is highly convoluted?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for more neurons

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

Accepted Answer

It protects the brain from chemical dangers by restricting passage of certain substances from the blood.

Question 14

A person is unable to form new memories after a brain injury. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating voluntary muscle movements and balance

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the organization of the primary motor and somatosensory cortices?

Accepted Answer

They are organized so that each area of the cortex corresponds to a specific body part (somatotopic organization).

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them.

Question 18

A patient has lost the ability to recognize faces but can still recognize voices. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cranial nerves?

Accepted Answer

Most cranial nerves serve sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are the largest glial cells and have many functions, including supporting and nourishing neurons.

Anatomy of the Nervous System: Systems, Structures, and Cells

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