Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of heritability in behavioral genetics?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of variation in a trait within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences.

Question 2

In a twin study, researchers found that the heritability of depression is $$h^2 = 0.76$ for identical twins and h^2$ = 0.48$$ for fraternal twins. What does this suggest about the genetic contribution to depression?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors play a significant role in depression, as shown by the higher heritability in identical twins.

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors causing changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Question 4

A researcher is interested in the effects of gene editing on cognitive abilities. Which ethical concern is most relevant to this research?

Accepted Answer

Potential unintended consequences and long-term effects on individuals and society.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which carry genetic information.

Question 6

Which type of twin results from two eggs fertilized by two different sperm?

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins (dizygotic)

Question 7

According to natural selection, which of the following traits is most likely to become more common in a population over generations?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases an individual's chances of survival and reproduction.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They support, protect, and nourish neurons.

Question 9

What is the primary role of myelin in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To insulate axons and speed up the transmission of electrical impulses.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with Parkinson's disease due to its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 11

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and memory problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 13

During an action potential, which ion rushes into the neuron, causing depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The electrical charge difference across the neuron's membrane when it is not firing, typically around $$-70 mV.$$

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to mood regulation and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 16

A person is startled and their heart rate increases rapidly. Which neurotransmitter is most likely responsible for this 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why identical twins are used in behavioral genetics studies?

Accepted Answer

They share 100% of their genes, allowing researchers to isolate environmental effects.

Question 18

If a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor and causes the opening of $$Cl^-$$ channels, what is the likely effect on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

It will hyperpolarize, making it less likely to fire an action potential.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal $$\rightarrow$$ neurotransmitter released $$\rightarrow$$ neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptor $$\rightarrow$$ postsynaptic response

Question 20

A person with a mutation that reduces the function of microglia in the brain would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired immune defense in the central nervous system.

Biological Psychology I: Genetics, Nervous System Cells, and Neurotransmitters

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