Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To transmit information in the form of electrical signals known as action potentials

Question 2

What is the main role of glial cells in the brain?

Accepted Answer

They act as bodyguards, feeding and protecting neurons, and producing myelin

Question 3

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is primarily caused by which of the following cellular changes?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheath produced by glial cells

Question 4

During the resting potential of a neuron, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The neuron is polarized, with a negative charge inside and positive charge outside

Question 5

Which step in the firing of a neuron involves the influx of sodium ions (Na+) into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Question 6

The 'all-or-none law' in neural firing states that:

Accepted Answer

A neuron either fires completely or not at all, regardless of stimulus intensity

Question 7

What happens during the repolarization phase of a neuron's action potential?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions (K+) flow out of the neuron, restoring the negative charge inside

Question 8

Which process describes the removal of excess neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft by being taken back into the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake

Question 9

A drug that mimics or enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure, reward, and voluntary movement, and is implicated in both Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 11

Glutamate and GABA are two common neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is excitatory and GABA is inhibitory

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to mood regulation, sleep-wake cycles, and is targeted by SSRIs for depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the effect of cocaine on neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

It blocks reuptake, prolonging the effect of neurotransmitters in the synapse

Question 14

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for forming new long-term memories and is often enlarged in London taxi drivers due to spatial navigation demands?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 15

Damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is most likely to result in which of the following behavioral changes?

Accepted Answer

Impaired moral judgment and deficits in impulse control

Question 16

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing auditory information and language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

It processes sensations such as pressure, pain, and temperature

Question 18

Which brain imaging technique involves the injection of a mildly radioactive substance to monitor changes in blood flow to different brain areas?

Accepted Answer

PET scan

Question 19

Which of the following statements about neural plasticity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize, especially during development

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between the frequency of action potentials and the intensity of a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

$$f = k 	imes I$$

Biological Psychology: Neurons, Glial Cells, and Neural Communication

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