Q: Which equation best represents the restoration of resting ion concentrations after an action potential?

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports $$3\ \text{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ \text{K}^+ in $$per ATP molecule.

Question 1

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons or sensory cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the hippocampus. Which of the following outcomes is most likely based on lesion studies?

Accepted Answer

Inability to form new long-term memories

Question 3

During an action potential, which ion floods INTO the neuron when the threshold is reached, causing depolarisation?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na+)

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is targeted by anti-anxiety drugs?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 5

A person is startled by a loud noise, resulting in increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and slowed digestion. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these changes?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 6

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

Which brain imaging technique uses a radioactive tracer to measure metabolic activity and is commonly used in Alzheimer's diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

PET

Question 8

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most involved in processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 9

Which hormone is released during bonding and attachment, such as when a dog sees its owner?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 10

Which of the following statements about heritability is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Heritability measures the proportion of variation in a trait due to genetic differences within a population.

Question 11

A patient with damage to Broca's area would most likely experience which of the following deficits?

Accepted Answer

Impaired production of speech

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in motor function, motivation, and reward, and is targeted by L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 13

Which structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-nothing' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, the neuron fires at full strength or not at all.

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is mimicked by opioids such as morphine and heroin, resulting in pain reduction and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins

Question 16

Which brain structure is primarily involved in emotional control, fear response, and interpreting non-verbal emotional expressions?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Question 17

Which of the following is a misconception about brain function?

Accepted Answer

Complex functions like religious belief are localised to a single brain region.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the restoration of resting ion concentrations after an action potential?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports $$3\ 	ext{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ 	ext{K}^+ in $$per ATP molecule.

Question 19

Which imaging technique is most suitable for studying rapid changes in electrical activity during cognitive tasks, despite its poor spatial resolution?

Accepted Answer

EEG

Question 20

A person is practicing a new skill, such as playing the piano. Which concept explains the brain's ability to reorganise and strengthen neural connections as a result?

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity

Biological Psychology: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms of the Nervous System

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