Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as used in psychological science?

Accepted Answer

A systematic approach involving theory development, hypothesis testing, and revision based on evidence.

Question 2

In psychology, what is the main difference between a scientific theory and an opinion?

Accepted Answer

A theory integrates numerous findings into a coherent explanation, while an opinion does not require evidence.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a core habit of critical thinking in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Accepting all research findings without question.

Question 4

Which equation best represents Kurt Lewin’s view of behaviour?

Accepted Answer

$$B = f\{I,E\}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of empiricism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Gathering knowledge through systematic observation and experimentation.

Question 6

A psychologist is testing whether a new therapy reduces anxiety. After collecting data, the results do not support the hypothesis. According to the scientific method, what should the psychologist do next?

Accepted Answer

Discard or modify the original hypothesis.

Question 7

Which school of thought in psychology focused on breaking down conscious experience into basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 8

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the concept of the unconscious mind and psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the main focus of behaviourism?

Accepted Answer

Studying only observable behaviour and minimizing reference to mental events.

Question 10

A researcher wants to evaluate the quality of a new study. Which step is most important for critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Critically evaluating the evidence and considering alternative explanations.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of the application stage in scientific literacy?

Accepted Answer

Asking, 'Why is this relevant?' when considering research findings.

Question 12

Which psychologist is known for his work on classical conditioning, which later influenced behaviourism?

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 13

Which approach in psychology emphasizes the unique aspects of each individual and the drive for personal growth?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main idea behind Hebb’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Memory and behaviour can be demonstrated at the cellular level in the brain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key characteristic of scientific literacy in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Ability to critically evaluate evidence and apply scientific explanations.

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the influence of zeitgeist on the development of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cultural and historical context delayed the emergence of psychology as a science.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a placebo effect, as studied by Franz Mesmer?

Accepted Answer

A patient experiences improvement after receiving a treatment with no active ingredients.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main focus of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Processes such as memory, thinking, and language.

Question 19

Which psychologist conducted the first formal experiment on social influences, such as the performance of cyclists?

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main idea of functionalism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The study of the purpose and function of behaviour and conscious experience.

Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science – combined

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