Question 1

Which of the following best describes the biological level of analysis in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It investigates neurochemical and physiological structure.

Question 2

According to behavioral psychology, which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists should study only observable behaviors.

Question 3

A psychologist is studying how childhood experiences influence adult relationships. Which major perspective is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis (Freudian Psychology)

Question 4

Which principle states that scientific claims must be testable and capable of being disproven?

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability

Question 5

A researcher finds that people who eat more vegetables tend to have lower stress levels. Which scientific thinking principle warns against assuming that eating vegetables causes lower stress?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not necessarily imply causation

Question 6

Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how easily examples come to mind?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 7

A person believes a claim because it aligns with their emotional response, rather than logical evidence. Which error are they committing?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 8

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the importance of examining the group, society, and culture to understand behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social-cultural Psychology

Question 9

According to the principle of parsimony (Occam's Razor), which explanation should be preferred?

Accepted Answer

The explanation that is simplest and accounts for all evidence.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Refusing to change your belief even after being shown strong contradictory evidence.

Question 11

A scientist proposes a hypothesis that can be tested and potentially disproven. Which scientific principle is being followed?

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability

Question 12

Which psychological perspective focuses on Darwin's theory to explain present-day human functions such as aggression and mate selection?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 13

A student claims that TV watching causes weight gain because people who watch more TV tend to weigh more. Which scientific principle should be used to evaluate this claim?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not necessarily imply causation

Question 14

Which error in evaluating information involves the tendency to view commonly held beliefs as true or correct?

Accepted Answer

Bandwagon Fallacy

Question 15

A psychologist is interested in how the brain's organic structure and bio-chemical processes influence behavior. Which perspective is she using?

Accepted Answer

Physiological Psychology

Question 16

Which scientific principle requires that scientific claims be accepted only if they have been verified repeatedly by research studies?

Accepted Answer

Replicability

Question 17

A person tends to seek out information that supports their beliefs and ignores information that contradicts them. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation Bias

Question 18

Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how a person or event fits the prototype you have in your mind?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 19

According to the birthday problem graph shown, what is the probability that at least two people in a group of 23 share the same birthday?

Accepted Answer

$P \approx 0.5$

Question 20

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes free will and the importance of self-actualization in explaining behavior?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic Psychology

Chapter 1: Psychology, Science, and Scientific Thinking – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards