Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

The study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt is primarily known for which technique in early psychology?

Accepted Answer

Objective introspection

Question 3

William James’s theory of Functionalism focused on:

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the mind and how it helps people adapt to the world

Question 4

Which statement best reflects the Gestalt approach?

Accepted Answer

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 5

According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, nervous disorders with no apparent physical cause are often the result of:

Accepted Answer

Repressed urges and desires in the unconscious mind

Question 6

John B. Watson’s work with 'Little Albert' demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A reflex could be conditioned or learned

Question 7

Which modern perspective in psychology is most concerned with the development of a sense of self and motivations behind behavior, other than sexual motivations?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic perspective

Question 8

In the context of Andrea’s case study, which psychological perspective would be most interested in her early family experiences and their impact on her eating disorder?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic perspective

Question 9

Which of the following is a disadvantage of case studies in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Findings cannot be generalized to others

Question 10

A correlation coefficient $$r of$$ $$-0.85$$ indicates:

Accepted Answer

A strong negative relationship between two variables

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding correlation and causation?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not prove causation

Question 12

In an experiment, the variable that is deliberately manipulated by the researcher is called the:

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 13

What is the main purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

To control for confounding variables and give each subject an equal chance of being in either group

Question 14

Which experimental design best controls for both placebo and experimenter effects?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind study

Question 15

A psychologist wants to study aggression in teenagers. To ensure the variable is measurable, they must:

Accepted Answer

Use operationalization to define aggression specifically

Question 16

Which ethical guideline requires that participants be told about any risks involved in a study?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 17

Which subfield of psychology has the highest percentage of professionals working in it, according to the provided data?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology

Question 18

A researcher observes children playing in a park without interfering. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 19

Which of the following is a key advantage of using surveys in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Ability to study covert behaviors and collect data from large numbers of people

Question 20

In the context of animal research, which ethical principle is most emphasized?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding unnecessary pain or suffering for animal subjects

Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology – Foundations, Methods, and Perspectives

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards