Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between sensation and perception?

Accepted Answer

Sensation involves the detection of physical stimuli, whereas perception involves organizing and interpreting those stimuli.

Question 2

A researcher presents a series of tones at varying volumes to determine the quietest sound a participant can hear 50% of the time. What concept is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Absolute threshold

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic taste?

Accepted Answer

Spicy

Question 4

The cochlea is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Transducing sound waves into neural signals

Question 5

Which sense does NOT pass through the thalamus before reaching its primary processing area in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Smell

Question 6

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs, which of the following correctly identifies the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the conditioned response (CR)?

Accepted Answer

CS: Bell; CR: Salivation to bell

Question 7

A child who was bitten by a dog now fears all four-legged animals. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Generalization

Question 8

Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest and most consistent response rate in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 9

The 'Bobo doll' experiment conducted by Albert Bandura demonstrated which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 10

In Tolman’s study on latent learning, rats developed cognitive maps of a maze even without immediate reinforcement. This finding challenged which traditional learning theory?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Question 11

According to George Miller, what is the typical capacity of short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

$$7 \pm 2$$ items

Question 12

A person is unable to form new long-term memories after a brain injury but can recall events from before the injury. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 13

The misinformation effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

The creation of false memories due to misleading post-event information

Question 14

Which brain structure is most closely associated with the formation of explicit (declarative) memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 15

A researcher wants to study how the same group of children’s cognitive abilities change as they age. Which research design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

A substance that can cause harm to a developing fetus

Question 17

According to Piaget, the main focus of his stages of development is:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of brain development in teenagers?

Accepted Answer

Increased myelination and synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex

Question 19

Mary Ainsworth’s research on attachment styles primarily used which experimental method?

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation

Question 20

Which of the following best distinguishes between positive and negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase behavior.

Comprehensive Study Guide for Psychology Exam 2 (Ch. 5-6, 8-9)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards