Comprehensive Study Guide: Learning, Memory, Cognition, Development, and Motivation in Psychology

A dog salivates when it sees food. After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with the presentation of food, the dog begins to salivate at the sound of the bell alone. In classical conditioning terms, which is the conditioned stimulus?

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

A student studies for exams by using flashcards. After several weeks, the student finds that the flashcards no longer help them remember the material. Which process in classical conditioning does this scenario best represent?