Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a case study and a correlational study in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A case study examines a single individual or group in depth, while a correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables across a larger sample.

Question 2

A psychologist wants to test whether sleep deprivation affects memory recall. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group and measures their recall scores. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants receive

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of operationalizing a variable in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Defining 'anxiety' as the score on a standardized anxiety questionnaire

Question 4

Damage to which brain structure is most likely to result in difficulties with forming new explicit memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 5

A patient is unable to recognize faces but can identify objects. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Fusiform gyrus in the temporal lobe

Question 6

According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract propositions and test hypotheses systematically?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 7

A child who obeys rules to avoid punishment is most likely at which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the trichromatic theory of color vision?

Accepted Answer

Color vision is based on the activity of three types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths (red, green, blue).

Question 9

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response?

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

A student studies for an exam and receives praise from their teacher for their effort. According to operant conditioning, this praise is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the serial position effect in memory recall?

Accepted Answer

People tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.

Question 12

A person who judges the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind is using which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 13

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which of the following is NOT one of the three types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence

Question 14

In Milgram's obedience experiments, what was the primary factor that increased participants' likelihood to obey authority?

Accepted Answer

The perceived legitimacy of the authority figure

Question 15

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Flat affect (lack of emotional expression)

Question 16

A psychologist using systematic desensitization to treat a phobia is most likely following which therapeutic approach?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A psychiatrist can prescribe medication, while a clinical psychologist typically cannot.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Assuming someone who wears glasses and reads a lot is more likely to be a librarian than a farmer, despite base rates.

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

A child touches a hot stove and feels pain, decreasing the likelihood of touching it again.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key feature of the humanistic approach to therapy?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard

Comprehensive Study Guide: Psychology 111 Final Exam Topics

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