Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning through association between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning through consequences.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory recall. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group and measures their recall performance. What type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 3

According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, at which stage do children begin to understand the concept of conservation?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is implicated in depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 5

A patient with damage to Broca’s area is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing fluent speech

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Removing chores when a teenager gets good grades

Question 7

A psychologist is interested in the relationship between stress and immune system functioning. She collects data on participants’ stress levels and measures their white blood cell counts. Which statistical method would be most appropriate to analyze the relationship between these two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient $$r$$

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'confirmation bias'?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your beliefs and only seeking information that supports them.

Question 9

In the context of memory, what is the difference between 'retroactive interference' and 'proactive interference'?

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference is when new information interferes with old memories; proactive interference is when old information interferes with new learning.

Question 10

A student is able to solve a math problem by applying a previously learned formula. Which type of intelligence, according to Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory, is the student demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Analytical intelligence

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in neural transmission?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of action potential transmission along the axon.

Question 12

A researcher finds that as hours of video game play increase, academic performance decreases. What type of correlation is this?

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Question 13

Which of the following is a key ethical principle in psychological research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Participants must give informed consent before participating.

Question 14

A person who is unable to form new long-term memories after a head injury is most likely experiencing which type of amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'operational definition' in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Measuring happiness by the number of times a participant smiles in an hour.

Question 16

A psychologist uses a standardized test to measure intelligence. The test yields consistent results over repeated administrations but does not accurately measure intelligence. What is true about the test?

Accepted Answer

The test is reliable but not valid.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A factory worker is paid for every 10 items produced.

Question 18

Which brain structure is most involved in the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 19

A researcher calculates the mean and standard deviation of test scores in a psychology class. If the scores are normally distributed, what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean?

Accepted Answer

About 68%

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Comprehensive Study Notes for Introduction to Psychology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards