Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'reciprocal determinism' in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A student's motivation affects their academic performance, which in turn influences their motivation and the classroom environment.

Question 2

A researcher claims that their new therapy is effective based on several dramatic patient testimonials, but has not conducted any controlled studies. Which warning sign of pseudoscience does this scenario best exemplify?

Accepted Answer

Overreliance on anecdotes

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of the 'bandwagon fallacy'?

Accepted Answer

Accepting a psychological theory because most of your friends believe it.

Question 4

In an experiment testing the effect of sleep on memory, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants get

Question 5

Which brain imaging technique measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 6

A neuron is unable to fire again immediately after an action potential due to which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Absolute refractory period

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with inhibitory effects in the brain?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 8

A patient with damage to Broca's area would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ability to produce speech

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of 'transduction' in sensation?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of sensory stimuli into neural signals

Question 10

According to Weber's Law, the just noticeable difference (JND) is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus. Which equation best represents this relationship?

Accepted Answer

$ \Delta I = kI $

Question 11

Which sleep disorder is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 12

Which theory of dreaming suggests that dreams result from random neural activity that the brain attempts to make sense of?

Accepted Answer

Activation-synthesis theory

Question 13

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 14

A child receives praise for cleaning their room, which increases the likelihood they will clean it again. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 15

Which schedule of reinforcement delivers a reward after a variable number of responses?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio (VR)

Question 16

Which memory system has the shortest duration?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Question 17

A person is unable to form new memories after a head injury. This condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 18

Which cognitive bias involves judging the probability of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 19

A researcher wants to ensure their study can be repeated by others and yield similar results. Which principle of scientific thinking are they prioritizing?

Accepted Answer

Replicability

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the 'law of effect' in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Introduction to Psychology (Chapters 1-8)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards