Question 1

Which of the following best defines 'culture' as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A set of beliefs, behaviours, and lifeways that characterise a group of people.

Question 2

According to evolutionary psychology (EP), how are experiences viewed in the context of cultural development?

Accepted Answer

As learning opportunities that shape responses based on evolutionary past.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about matrilineal inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a system where inheritance follows the female bloodline, and males often invest resources in their sisters' children.

Question 4

Why might matrilineal inheritance be adaptive in societies with high paternal uncertainty?

Accepted Answer

Because males can be more certain of their genetic relationship to their sisters' children than to their own.

Question 5

The sex ratio in a population is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The ratio of males to females in a population.

Question 6

Which of the following is a real-world example of how sex ratios can be influenced by cultural and environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Increased female infanticide in regions with patrilineal inheritance and high poverty.

Question 7

Contrast effects, as described in the materials, refer to:

Accepted Answer

The enhancement or diminishment of perceptions resulting from previous exposure to stimuli.

Question 8

A study shows that after viewing highly attractive individuals, participants rate average individuals as less attractive. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Contrast effects.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the interaction between genotype and environment in shaping phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A person’s height being influenced by both their genes and their nutrition.

Question 10

In the context of evolutionary psychology, what is a 'human universal'?

Accepted Answer

A trait or behaviour observed across all cultures.

Question 11

Which of the following is a likely evolutionary explanation for the prevalence of female infanticide in certain societies?

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal inheritance systems and economic pressures make female children less valued.

Question 12

If a trait is described as 'facultative' in evolutionary psychology, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The trait can change in response to environmental conditions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the main strength of evolutionary psychology (EP) as highlighted in the closing notes?

Accepted Answer

It provides a unifying framework that allows multidisciplinary work.

Question 14

A researcher wants to study why certain cultural customs exist in one society but not another. According to the materials, what approach should they take?

Accepted Answer

Examine both human universals and culturally-based differences within context.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the application of contrast effects in mate selection?

Accepted Answer

After seeing many high-status individuals, a person perceives average-status potential mates as less desirable.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of evolutionary psychology (EP) mentioned in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

It provides a unifying framework for multidisciplinary research.

Question 17

Suppose a society transitions from matrilineal to patrilineal inheritance. According to evolutionary psychology, what change might you expect in male investment patterns?

Accepted Answer

Males may begin to invest more in their own children rather than their sisters' children.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the sex ratio might increase in favor of males after a major war?

Accepted Answer

Societal and biological responses may favor the birth of more males to replace those lost in conflict.

Question 19

A psychologist is studying how individuals' responses to their environment are shaped. According to the materials, which factors should they consider?

Accepted Answer

Past experience, developmental history, genes, learning, social system, perceived mate value, and family structure.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the interaction between genotype and environment in determining phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Phenotype} = 	ext{Genotype} + 	ext{Environment} + (	ext{Genotype} 	imes 	ext{Environment})$$

Culture and Evolutionary Psychology: Diversity, Inheritance, and Social Effects

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