Q: In the context of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Spanish, which of the following sentences correctly demonstrates DOM with an animate, specific direct object?

$$\text{Juan besó a María.}$$

Q: Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of DOM in Spanish with an animate, non-specific direct object?

$$\text{Busco a una secretaria.}$$

Question 1

According to the Cumulative Input Threshold Hypothesis, which of the following best predicts successful non-facilitative transfer in third language (L3) acquisition?

Accepted Answer

The total cumulative exposure to the source language, regardless of age of onset.

Question 2

In the context of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Spanish, which of the following sentences correctly demonstrates DOM with an animate, specific direct object?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Juan besó a María.}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of subject-to-subject raising out of a TP complement in Spanish, as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

It is a grammatical structure where the embedded subject can only be realized overtly if the matrix clause is defective.

Question 4

A learner whose L1 is Spanish and L2 is English is acquiring Portuguese as an L3. According to the Cumulative Input Threshold Hypothesis, which factor is most likely to influence whether they transfer Spanish morphosyntactic features to Portuguese?

Accepted Answer

The cumulative amount of exposure to Spanish, regardless of recency.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a typical domain where non-facilitative transfer from Spanish to Portuguese has been observed in L3 acquisition studies?

Accepted Answer

Lexical borrowing of English words.

Question 6

In the context of the studies discussed, what is the main difference between facilitative and non-facilitative transfer in L3 acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Facilitative transfer leads to correct target-like forms, while non-facilitative transfer leads to non-target-like forms.

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the effect of cumulative input on the likelihood of non-facilitative transfer, according to Puig-Mayenco et al. (2020)?

Accepted Answer

Learners with more cumulative exposure to Spanish are more likely to transfer Spanish-specific grammatical features to L3 Portuguese.

Question 8

Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of DOM in Spanish with an animate, non-specific direct object?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Busco a una secretaria.}$$

Question 9

In the studies reviewed, what was a key finding regarding the acceptability of subject-to-subject raising structures among L3 Spanish learners with English and BP backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

L3 Spanish learners with English backgrounds rated subject-to-subject raising structures as significantly less acceptable than those with BP backgrounds.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why DOM is not obligatory with inanimate objects in Spanish?

Accepted Answer

DOM is reserved for animate, specific direct objects, and inanimate objects do not require this distinction.

Question 11

A student is learning Spanish as an L3 after English (L1) and BP (L2). According to the Cumulative Input Threshold Hypothesis, which scenario would most likely result in transfer of BP grammatical features to Spanish?

Accepted Answer

The student has had extensive exposure to BP and limited exposure to English.

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible reason why non-facilitative transfer is more likely at later stages of L3 acquisition, according to the research discussed?

Accepted Answer

Learners have accumulated enough input in the source language to surpass the threshold for transfer.

Question 13

In the context of the studies, what does a higher acceptability rating for subject-to-subject raising structures in L3 Spanish suggest about the learners' transfer patterns?

Accepted Answer

They are more likely to transfer grammatical structures from a language with similar features.

Question 14

Which of the following best summarizes the main claim of the Cumulative Input Threshold Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer is determined by the cumulative amount of input in a source language, and only occurs once a certain threshold is reached.

Question 15

A learner produces the sentence 'Rocío compra a la pizza.' in Spanish. What does this error suggest about their interlanguage, based on the research on DOM?

Accepted Answer

They are overgeneralizing DOM to inanimate objects, possibly due to transfer from another language.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key methodological approach used in the studies to assess transfer in L3 acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Acceptability judgment tasks comparing native and non-native speakers' ratings.

Question 17

In the context of the research, what is the significance of the finding that L3 Spanish learners with high cumulative input in BP showed non-facilitative transfer of BP grammatical features?

Accepted Answer

It supports the Cumulative Input Threshold Hypothesis, showing that sufficient input in a source language can trigger transfer, even if it is non-facilitative.

Cumulative Input Threshold Hypothesis in Third Language Acquisition: Morphosyntactic Transfer and Object Marking

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