Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Studying how people change and remain the same across the lifespan.

Question 2

According to the nature vs. nurture debate, which scenario best illustrates the influence of 'nurture'?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to speak two languages fluently because both are spoken at home.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a schema, as defined by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A mental framework for organizing information about 'dogs' that helps a child recognize new dogs.

Question 4

A child who understands that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight has developed which of Piaget's concepts?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Question 5

Which parenting style is characterized by high warmth and high control, and is generally associated with the most positive child outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 6

According to Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure, which attachment style is shown by a child who is distressed when the caregiver leaves, but is easily comforted upon their return?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 7

During adolescence, which of the following is considered a primary sex characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Development of ovaries and testes

Question 8

According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary psychosocial crisis faced by adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between gender identity and gender expression?

Accepted Answer

Gender identity is a person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else, while gender expression is how a person outwardly shows their gender.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the sexual response cycle as described by Masters and Johnson?

Accepted Answer

Repression phase

Question 11

A person who is assigned female at birth but identifies and lives as a male would be best described as:

Accepted Answer

Transgender

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Assuming a classmate is late because they are lazy, rather than considering they may have had car trouble.

Question 13

In the Milgram obedience study, which factor was found to significantly decrease participants' obedience to authority?

Accepted Answer

The presence of another person who refused to obey.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is an attitude or belief, while discrimination is a behavior.

Question 15

According to the bystander effect, which equation best represents the relationship between the number of bystanders ($$n) $$and the likelihood ($$P) $$that any one person will help in an emergency?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{1}{n}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the 'foot-in-the-door' persuasion technique?

Accepted Answer

Asking someone to sign a petition, then later asking them to donate money to the cause.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main finding of the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Philip Zimbardo?

Accepted Answer

Situational factors and assigned roles can lead people to behave in ways they might not otherwise.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A group of executives ignore warnings about a risky investment because they want to maintain group harmony.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of implicit prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Automatically feeling uneasy around someone from a different ethnic group, even if you consciously believe in equality.

Question 20

According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which situation is most likely to lead to aggression?

Accepted Answer

A person is blocked from achieving a goal and becomes angry.

Development Through the Lifespan & Social Psychology: Study Guide

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