Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of synaptic pruning during early brain development?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of weak or unused synaptic connections, strengthening the efficiency of neural networks.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study how memory changes from childhood to old age. She collects data from groups of 10-year-olds, 30-year-olds, and 60-year-olds at the same time. Which research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional design

Question 3

A child sees a zebra for the first time and calls it a 'horse.' According to Piaget, this is an example of which cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Question 4

Which of the following is a teratogen that can negatively impact fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol

Question 5

A psychologist is interested in how being born in different decades affects intelligence test scores. What is the term for differences that arise from being born in different time periods?

Accepted Answer

Cohort effects

Question 6

Which parenting style is characterized by high responsiveness and high demands, encouraging discussion and allowing exceptions to rules?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 7

A child is upset when her mother leaves the room, but when her mother returns, she is angry and resists comfort. According to attachment theory, what type of attachment does this child display?

Accepted Answer

Anxious attachment

Question 8

According to Vygotsky, what is the 'zone of proximal development'?

Accepted Answer

The range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not yet independently.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a 'sensitive period' in development?

Accepted Answer

A child must be exposed to language before a certain age to develop normal language fluency.

Question 10

A researcher finds that older adults tend to focus more on positive experiences and relationships, as described by which theory?

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the main difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence as people age?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence declines, while crystallized intelligence remains largely intact.

Question 12

A psychologist uses the 'strange situation test' to assess a child's attachment style. What is the primary behavior being observed?

Accepted Answer

How the child responds to separations and reunions with their caregiver.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of inductive discipline?

Accepted Answer

Explaining to a child how their actions hurt another person’s feelings.

Question 14

Which brain region is primarily responsible for planning, impulse control, and organizing behavior, and continues developing into the mid-20s?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 15

A child learns to use a fork by watching her older sibling and then practicing with help from her parent. This process best illustrates which two concepts?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proximal development and scaffolding

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of myelination during fetal brain development?

Accepted Answer

The addition of an insulating layer of fat along axons, which speeds neural communication.

Question 17

According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which conflict is central to toddlerhood?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy versus shame

Question 18

A child who is able to recognize herself in a mirror is demonstrating which developmental milestone?

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the epigenetic effects of early deprivation of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Children raised in neglectful environments may show abnormal stress responses and increased risk of psychological disorders.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'introjection' in the context of parenting and attachment?

Accepted Answer

A child internalizes the conditional approval of their parents, leading to self-criticism when they fail to meet expectations.

Developmental, Cognitive, and Learning Psychology: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards