Question 1

According to Paul Baltes' principles of lifespan development, which of the following best illustrates the concept of plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A child who learns to speak two languages fluently due to exposure at home and school.

Question 2

Which research method would be most appropriate for studying how the same group of individuals' cognitive abilities change from childhood to adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Question 3

A researcher compares the memory abilities of 5-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and 15-year-olds at the same point in time. Which research design is being used?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional

Question 4

In Piaget’s theory, a child who calls all four-legged animals 'dogs' but later learns to distinguish between dogs, cats, and cows is demonstrating which process?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a normative history-graded influence?

Accepted Answer

Growing up during a major war that affects an entire generation

Question 6

According to Erikson, failure to resolve the crisis of 'identity vs. role confusion' during adolescence may result in which outcome during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming intimate relationships

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics.

Question 8

A child observes their older sibling being rewarded for cleaning their room and then begins to clean their own room. According to Bandura, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 9

Which prenatal period is characterized by the formation of the placenta and the beginning of organ development?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic period

Question 10

A woman experiences sadness, sleeplessness, and difficulty bonding with her newborn for several weeks after birth. According to the DSM-5, she is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Postpartum depression

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A child’s behavior influences their parents’ responses, which in turn affects the child’s future behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following is a disadvantage of longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

High risk of participant attrition over time

Question 13

According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract propositions and hypothetical situations?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 14

Which of the following is a key criticism of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to test scientifically.

Question 15

A researcher wants to study the effects of a new educational program on children’s cognitive development by following three different age groups over several years. Which research design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Sequential study

Question 16

Which of the following best describes cephalocaudal development during the embryonic period?

Accepted Answer

Development proceeds from the head down to the feet.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a non-normative life influence?

Accepted Answer

A child losing a parent at a young age

Question 18

Which of the following statements about monozygotic twins is true?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically identical and share the same genotype.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main focus of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory?

Accepted Answer

Human development is influenced by multiple layers of environmental systems.

Question 20

A baby is born at 36 weeks gestation and is able to survive outside the womb without many risks associated with prematurity. This is because:

Accepted Answer

All organ systems are developed enough for survival.

Developmental Psychology and Prenatal Development: Key Concepts and Theories

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