Question 1

According to Paul Baltes' principles of lifespan development, which of the following best illustrates the concept of plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A child who learns to speak two languages fluently due to exposure at home and school.

Question 2

Which research method would be most appropriate for studying how the same group of individuals' cognitive abilities change from childhood to adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Question 3

A researcher compares the memory abilities of 5-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and 15-year-olds at the same point in time. Which research design is being used?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional

Question 4

In Piaget’s theory, a child who calls all four-legged animals 'dogs' is demonstrating which process?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Question 5

According to Erikson, failure to resolve the crisis of 'identity vs. confusion' during adolescence may result in which outcome during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming intimate relationships

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics.

Question 7

A child learns to distinguish between a bird and an airplane after being corrected by an adult. According to Piaget, this process is called:

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 8

Which of the following is a key criticism of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to test scientifically.

Question 9

Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals and their environments influence each other.

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cephalocaudal development during the embryonic period?

Accepted Answer

The head develops before the legs.

Question 11

A woman experiences sadness, sleeplessness, and difficulty bonding with her newborn for several weeks after birth. According to the DSM-5, she is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Postpartum depression

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with Cesarean section (C-section) delivery?

Accepted Answer

Longer recovery time for the mother

Question 13

According to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, which system includes the direct interactions a child has with parents and siblings?

Accepted Answer

Microsystem

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a normative history-graded influence?

Accepted Answer

Growing up during a major war

Question 15

In the context of prenatal development, what is the main function of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

To provide nourishment and oxygen to the embryo/fetus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main advantage of sequential research designs?

Accepted Answer

They combine the strengths of both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.

Question 17

A child in Piaget’s concrete operational stage is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Understand the concept of conservation of mass

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of monozygotic twins?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically identical.

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of ethnocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Believing that one’s own culture’s practices are superior to others

Question 20

According to the scientific method, what is the purpose of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To make a testable prediction based on theory

Developmental Psychology and Prenatal Development: Key Concepts and Theories

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