Question 1

During which stage of prenatal development are the three primary germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) formed, and what is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

Pre-embryonic stage; these layers give rise to all major organs and tissues.

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a neonate delivered via cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. Which health risk is this infant most vulnerable to, and why?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome, due to immature lung development.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the psychosocial development of the infant according to Erikson's theory?

Accepted Answer

Developing trust through consistent caregiving.

Question 4

A 2-year-old child is beginning to use short sentences and understands object permanence. According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is this child in?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 5

A toddler frequently says 'no' and resists toilet training. According to Erikson, which psychosocial crisis is the child experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 6

A preschooler is observed asking many questions and engaging in pretend play. Which cognitive characteristic is most likely decreasing at this stage?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism

Question 7

A school-aged child is able to organize facts, solve problems using inductive reasoning, and understands the concept of measurement. According to Piaget, which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 8

Which of the following is a major health risk for toddlers, and what is the primary nursing intervention to address it?

Accepted Answer

Accidents; teaching caregivers about safety.

Question 9

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the importance of play in infancy. Which developmental task is most directly supported by play at this stage?

Accepted Answer

Developing motor abilities and social interaction.

Question 10

A 13-year-old is able to think hypothetically and set long-term goals. According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is this adolescent in?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 11

A young adult is described as being more objective, realistic, and less self-centered than during adolescence. Which factor most contributes to this cognitive shift?

Accepted Answer

Educational and life experiences enhancing learning.

Question 12

A nurse is assessing a school-aged child who is struggling with reading and writing skills. According to Havighurst, which developmental task is this child having difficulty with?

Accepted Answer

Developing writing, reading, and calculating skills.

Question 13

A 16-year-old is experiencing peer pressure and is concerned about fitting in. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Identity versus role confusion

Question 14

A nurse is planning care for a hospitalized adolescent. Which intervention best addresses the developmental needs of this age group?

Accepted Answer

Providing educational and recreational activities to reduce isolation.

Question 15

A young adult is struggling with financial pressures and the desire for love and belonging. Which type of stressor is this individual experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Developmental and situational stressors

Question 16

A 7-year-old is able to understand that if you pour water from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, the amount of water remains the same. Which cognitive concept does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Question 17

A nurse is teaching a group of caregivers about the importance of immunizations in infancy. Which type of immunity is primarily provided by maternal immunoglobulins crossing the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 18

A 5-year-old is learning to distinguish right from wrong and is developing a conscience. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Initiative versus guilt

Question 19

A nurse is working with a young adult who is establishing a career and personal values. According to Levinson, which developmental period is this?

Accepted Answer

Early adult transition

Question 20

A 10-year-old is able to use inductive reasoning to solve new problems and has developed classification systems. Which Piagetian stage does this represent, and what is a key feature of this stage?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage; logical thinking about concrete events.

Developmental Psychology: Conception Through Young Adulthood

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