Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main components of emotion as outlined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Physiological response, emotional expression, and cognitive expression

Question 2

According to the functionalist approach, what is the primary purpose of emotions?

Accepted Answer

To signal when our needs have not been met and motivate adaptive change

Question 3

A 2-month-old infant displays a 'social smile' in response to seeing their caregiver. This is an example of which type of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Primary emotion

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'social referencing' in infancy?

Accepted Answer

An infant looking to their parent for cues on how to react to a stranger

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a secondary (self-conscious) emotion?

Accepted Answer

Pride

Question 6

At what age do children typically begin to show self-conscious emotions such as embarrassment and empathy?

Accepted Answer

After 18 months

Question 7

Which of the following best describes 'emotion regulation' in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

The ability to inhibit, intensify, or prolong emotional reactions

Question 8

A 5-year-old child understands that thinking about a past unpleasant event can make them feel sad in the present. This demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thinking

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of healthy emotional development in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

Consistent inability to regulate emotions as age increases

Question 10

During adolescence, why might emotional experiences be described as 'storm and stress'?

Accepted Answer

Because the intensity of emotions may be out of proportion to the eliciting event

Question 11

Which of the following best defines 'temperament'?

Accepted Answer

An individual's innate and characteristic way of responding

Question 12

Which temperament type is characterized by a generally positive mood, regular routines, and adaptability to new experiences?

Accepted Answer

Easy child

Question 13

Behavioral inhibition in infancy is most closely associated with which later outcome?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk for social phobia symptoms

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of Rothbart and Bates’ three broad dimensions of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Emotional contagion

Question 15

Effortful control in temperament refers to:

Accepted Answer

The process by which an individual can inhibit impulses in favor of a longer-term goal

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'goodness of fit'?

Accepted Answer

A parent adapting their caregiving style to match their infant's temperament

Question 17

A child who is slow to accept new experiences, has irregular routines, and reacts negatively and intensely is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A difficult child

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of emotion regulation in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A toddler crawling into their parent's lap when scared

Question 19

Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to influence emotional development during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Fully matured prefrontal cortex

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of parents in a child's emotional development during the first 5-6 years?

Accepted Answer

Parents are their child's nervous system, helping to entrain regulatory patterns

Emotional Development: Key Concepts and Stages

Study Guide - Practice Questions