Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between recall memory and recognition memory in the context of eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

Recall memory involves reporting details of a previously witnessed event or person, while recognition memory involves determining whether a previously seen item or person is the same as what is currently being viewed.

Question 2

In eyewitness research, which of the following is an example of a system variable?

Accepted Answer

The instructions given to the witness before a lineup.

Question 3

A police officer asks a witness to describe everything they remember about a crime without interruption. This is an example of which type of recall?

Accepted Answer

Open-ended recall (free narrative)

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the misinformation effect?

Accepted Answer

A witness incorporates incorrect information provided after the event into their memory of the event.

Question 5

According to the source misattribution hypothesis, why might a witness be susceptible to the misinformation effect?

Accepted Answer

The witness has two memories (the original and the misinformation) but cannot remember where each memory originated.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a recommended procedure for reducing the likelihood of false identification in police lineups?

Accepted Answer

Including only one person in the lineup to avoid confusion.

Question 7

A lineup in which the suspect does not stand out from the other lineup members is called a:

Accepted Answer

Fair lineup

Question 8

What is the 'weapon focus' effect in eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

Witnesses' attention is focused on the weapon rather than the perpetrator, reducing memory for the perpetrator's appearance.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a sequential lineup?

Accepted Answer

Lineup members are presented one at a time, and the witness must make a decision about each before seeing the next.

Question 10

A witness is asked to identify the perpetrator from a group of people, none of whom are the actual perpetrator. This is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Target-absent lineup

Question 11

Which of the following is a dependent variable commonly measured in eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

The recall of the crime or the perpetrator.

Question 12

The cross-race effect refers to which phenomenon in eyewitness identification?

Accepted Answer

Witnesses are more accurate at identifying faces of their own race than faces of other races.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in the cognitive interview to enhance eyewitness recall?

Accepted Answer

Providing the witness with the correct answer if they are unsure.

Question 14

According to the cue-utilization hypothesis, why might a witness focus more on a weapon than on the perpetrator's face?

Accepted Answer

Because the weapon is more emotionally arousing, which narrows the witness's attention.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes an estimator variable in eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A variable that is present at the time of the crime and cannot be controlled by the justice system.

Question 16

A police officer tells a witness that the suspect is in the lineup. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A biased lineup procedure.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key recommendation for collecting eyewitness identification evidence to reduce false identifications?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the lineup administrator does not know which member is the suspect.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'absolute judgment' in lineup procedures?

Accepted Answer

The witness compares each lineup member to their memory of the perpetrator.

Question 19

A witness is shown a video of a crime and later asked specific questions about the perpetrator's clothing and actions. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Direct question recall

Eyewitness Testimony: Memory, Lineups, and Policy in Forensic Psychology

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