Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes psychology from psychiatry?

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists can prescribe medication and have medical training, while psychologists generally cannot prescribe medication and often have a Ph.D.

Question 2

A researcher wants to determine if a new teaching method causes improved test scores. Which type of research should they use?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in an experiment testing the effect of sleep on memory performance?

Accepted Answer

Participants' caffeine intake before the test

Question 4

According to the cognitive perspective in psychology, which of the following best explains human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Behavior is influenced by thoughts, memory, and interpretation of information.

Question 5

A psychologist is conducting a study using the scientific method. Which of the following steps must always be included?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis, collecting data, and drawing conclusions

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the main focus of the behavioral perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The effects of environmental stimuli and learning on behavior

Question 7

A correlation coefficient $r$ of $-0.85$ between stress and sleep quality indicates:

Accepted Answer

A strong negative correlation: as stress increases, sleep quality decreases.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pseudo-psychology?

Accepted Answer

Based on scientific evidence and critical thinking

Question 9

A psychologist wants to ensure that neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment in a drug trial. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Double-blind control

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the sociocultural perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Examining how cultural norms influence attitudes toward mental health

Question 11

A psychologist is interested in how children’s thinking changes as they grow older. Which major perspective does this research align with?

Accepted Answer

Developmental perspective

Question 12

Which of the following is an ethical requirement for psychological research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Participants must be fully informed about all procedures and potential dangers and can choose to opt out.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group, reducing bias.

Question 14

A psychologist is using surveys and naturalistic observation to collect data about social behavior. Which type of research is being conducted?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research

Question 15

Which of the following is a key question to ask when evaluating a psychological claim, according to critical thinking principles?

Accepted Answer

Is the claim supported by scientific evidence?

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main focus of the whole-person perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Unconscious motives, personality traits, and humanistic needs

Question 17

A psychologist finds that as the number of hours spent studying increases, test anxiety decreases. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about psychology as a field?

Accepted Answer

Psychology is only about treating mental illness and not about scientific research.

Question 19

A psychologist is interested in how both genetic factors and early childhood experiences contribute to adult personality. Which two perspectives are being integrated?

Accepted Answer

Biological and developmental perspectives

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of bias that can affect psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy bias, where the researcher's expectations influence the outcome

Foundations and Perspectives in Psychology: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards