Question 1

Which of the following best describes 'learning' as defined in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior as a result of experience.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a form of learning according to the provided definition?

Accepted Answer

Instinct

Question 3

Which psychologist is most closely associated with classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 4

In classical conditioning, what is the process called when a conditioned response occurs to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Generalization

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning in everyday life?

Accepted Answer

A student studies harder after receiving praise for good grades.

Question 6

According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are strengthened.

Question 7

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement

Question 8

What is the main difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing an aversive stimulus, while punishment decreases behavior by introducing an aversive stimulus.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to tie their shoes by watching their older sibling.

Question 10

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment, what was the neutral stimulus before conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Tone (bell)

Question 11

Which concept explains why a person might develop a taste aversion after getting sick from a particular food?

Accepted Answer

Garcia Effect

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog stops salivating to a bell after repeated presentations without food.

Question 13

Which psychologist is most closely associated with observational learning?

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a critical factor in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Modeling

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Taking painkillers to remove a headache.

Question 16

Which type of learning involves acquiring new behaviors by watching others?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Money

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of discrimination in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Responding only to the specific conditioned stimulus and not to similar stimuli.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of punishment in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A child loses TV privileges for misbehaving.

Question 20

Which learning theory would best explain why children imitate aggressive behaviors they see on television?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Foundations of Learning in Psychology: Types and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions