Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of Gestalt psychology during the Cognitive Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on the whole perception and experience rather than parts or elements

Question 2

According to the principles of scientific research, which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of quality scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Always produces results that confirm the researcher's hypothesis

Question 3

A psychologist wants to measure depression in a study. She decides to use a standardized questionnaire that scores depression on a scale from 0 to 30. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Operationalizing a concept

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a variable that can be altered by the person running an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 5

A researcher wants to ensure that her study's results can be applied to real-world situations outside the laboratory. Which concept is she most concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Generalizability

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific segment of DNA coding for a trait, while an allele is a version of that gene

Question 7

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for studying the relationship between two naturally occurring variables, such as stress and academic performance?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research

Question 8

In a twin study, researchers find that identical twins raised apart have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins raised together. What does this suggest about the influence of genetics and environment on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Genetics play a significant role in intelligence

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Receives and processes sensory information and controls voluntary muscle movement

Question 10

A psychologist is conducting a double-blind study. Which of the following statements is true about this type of study?

Accepted Answer

Both the participants and the experimenter do not know which treatment is being administered

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a biased selection of data?

Accepted Answer

Selecting only data that supports the researcher's claim

Question 12

Which of the following best defines 'validity' in psychological measurement?

Accepted Answer

The extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure

Question 13

Which of the following is a key ethical guideline for psychologists when conducting research with human participants?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of methylation in the context of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A chemical modification of DNA that can reduce or silence gene expression

Question 15

A psychologist is interested in how different personality characteristics influence behavior in social contexts. Which subfield of psychology does this research best fit?

Accepted Answer

Personality psychology

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about chromosomes and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis results in gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a positive psychology intervention?

Accepted Answer

Teaching people to see the good in themselves and others

Question 18

A researcher is interested in the relationship between brain activity and memory recall. Which type of neuroscience technique would be most appropriate for reliably detecting activity throughout the entire brain in clear 3D images?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Prepares the body for fight, flight, or freeze responses

Question 20

If a psychologist wants to ensure that two raters observing the same behavior produce similar scores, which type of reliability is she most concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Interrater reliability

Foundations of Psychology: Biological, Cognitive, and Research Methods

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