Question 1

Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to understand behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is correct?

Accepted Answer

The scientific method is a cyclical process involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis.

Question 3

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the development of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

John Watson

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group. What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

Amount of sleep participants receive

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a double-blind study?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the researchers know which group receives the treatment.

Question 6

If a distribution of test scores is positively skewed, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The mean is greater than the median.

Question 7

Which formula correctly calculates the mean ($$\mu) of a $$set of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle movement and is deficient in individuals with Parkinson’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 9

A psychologist is interested in the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Which statement best describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable traits.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of quality scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 11

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of operational definition in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Measuring intelligence by the score on a standardized IQ test.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing in perception?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing a familiar face in a crowd based on prior experience.

Question 14

According to Weber’s Law, which equation best describes the relationship between the just noticeable difference ($$\Delta I) $$and the original stimulus intensity ($$I$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta I = kI$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons and speeds up neural transmission.

Question 16

A researcher finds that the correlation coefficient between stress and sleep quality is $$r = -0.65. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between stress and sleep quality.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between quantitative and qualitative research designs?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research focuses on numerical data, while qualitative research focuses on descriptive data.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of reliability in psychological measurement?

Accepted Answer

The consistency of a test or measurement over time.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a source of bias in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics influencing participant behavior.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It releases hormones that regulate bodily processes.

Foundations of Psychology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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