Question 1

Which of the following best describes a double-blind study in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment or placebo.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Amount of sleep participants receive

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is often linked to depression when levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 4

A psychologist observes children playing in a park without interfering. This method is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 5

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for forming new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 6

A patient suffers from sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day. Which sleep disorder does this best describe?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

A patient reports improvement after receiving a sugar pill, believing it is real medication.

Question 8

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for which of the following responses?

Accepted Answer

Increasing heart rate and preparing the body for 'fight or flight'

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between correlational research and experimentation?

Accepted Answer

Experimentation can establish causation, while correlational research cannot.

Question 10

A neuron transmits an electrical impulse down its axon. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Question 11

Which sleep stage is characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreaming?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 12

If a drug user needs increasingly larger doses to achieve the same effect, this is known as:

Accepted Answer

Tolerance

Question 13

Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 14

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient of $$ r = -0.85 $$ between hours of sleep and number of errors made on a test. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

As hours of sleep increase, errors decrease strongly.

Question 15

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 16

A person is able to focus on one conversation in a noisy room, ignoring other stimuli. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulates bodily processes through hormone secretion

Question 18

A psychologist wants to ensure her sample represents the population. She uses a method where every member has an equal chance of being selected. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Question 19

Which of the following is a psychoactive drug that acts as a stimulant?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine

Question 20

A patient experiences difficulty breathing during sleep, often waking up gasping for air. Which sleep disorder does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea

Foundations of Psychology: Key Concepts, Research Methods, and Biological Bases

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