Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of falsifiability in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A claim that can be disproven with evidence.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a control group. What type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Between-subjects design

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with excitatory signaling, learning, and memory?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 4

A psychologist is interested in how cultural background influences conformity. She observes participants in their natural environment without interfering. Which research method is she using?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 5

Which brain structure is most directly involved in regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Question 6

A study finds that the correlation between stress and sleep quality is $$r = -0.65. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

As stress increases, sleep quality decreases.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in an experiment studying the effect of caffeine on reaction time?

Accepted Answer

Participants' sleep quality the night before the experiment

Question 8

Which imaging method would be most appropriate for measuring electrical activity in the brain during a cognitive task?

Accepted Answer

EEG

Question 9

A researcher finds a $$p-$$value of $$0.03$$ when testing a hypothesis. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

There is a 3% probability the results are due to chance, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the placebo effect in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

Participants improve because they expect to get better, not because of the treatment.

Question 11

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for planning, decision-making, and motor control?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 12

In a twin study, researchers find that the heritability of intelligence is $$h^2 = 0.6$. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

60% of intelligence variation is due to genetic factors.

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to reward, motivation, and movement?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 14

A psychologist wants to ensure her measurement of anxiety is consistent across different observers. Which concept is she most concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Reliability

Question 15

Which of the following is a key ethical requirement in psychological research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Participants must be informed of the purpose, tasks, risks, and duration of the study.

Question 16

A researcher finds that the distribution of test scores in her sample is lopsided, with most scores clustered at the lower end. What type of distribution is this?

Accepted Answer

Skewed distribution

Question 17

Which part of the neuron is responsible for sending signals to other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 18

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the influence of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Biopsychosocial model

Question 19

A researcher unintentionally influences participants to act as expected during an experiment. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Researcher bias

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

Connects the two hemispheres of the brain.

Foundations of Psychology: Scientific Methods, Biological Bases, and Research Principles

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