Question 1

Which of the following best describes the conceptual shift from Women in Development (WID) to Gender and Development (GAD)?

Accepted Answer

WID focused on integrating women into existing development projects, while GAD emphasized analyzing and transforming gender relations and intersectional inequalities.

Question 2

In the ADI scenario, why is it problematic to design rural development programs that only target male farmers?

Accepted Answer

It overlooks women’s critical roles in household food production, childcare, and small-scale farming, risking program failure and perpetuating gender inequalities.

Question 3

Which statement best reflects the difference between 'sex' and 'gender' as discussed in feminist development theory?

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to biological differences, while gender refers to socially constructed roles, identities, and expectations.

Question 4

According to the study materials, what was a major limitation of early WID (Women in Development) approaches?

Accepted Answer

They framed gender equality as an economic asset and ignored class, race, and global inequalities.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the intersectional analysis of gender, class, and race in development outcomes?

Accepted Answer

$$Outcome = f(Gender, Class, Race)$$

Question 6

What was Ester Boserup’s key contribution to development thinking in the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

She demonstrated that development projects often excluded women from training and technology, leading to loss of autonomy and livelihood.

Question 7

Which of the following is a core principle of Gender and Development (GAD) approaches?

Accepted Answer

Focus on gender relations and intersections with class and race, viewing women as agents rather than passive recipients.

Question 8

How did globalization in the 1990s impact women’s labor-force participation according to the materials?

Accepted Answer

It increased women’s participation in precarious, low-wage, and informal jobs, leading to the feminization of poverty.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates a strategic gender interest in development policy?

Accepted Answer

Challenging unequal gender relations and transforming power structures.

Question 10

A development program in Malawi focuses on girls’ education as a means to increase future productivity. Which critique from the study materials applies to this approach?

Accepted Answer

It frames girls as investments for economic growth, potentially obscuring structural inequalities and reinforcing global hierarchies.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a practical gender need addressed by development organizations?

Accepted Answer

Providing access to clean water and healthcare.

Question 12

Why do postmodern feminist critiques resist 'one-size-fits-all' gender policies in development?

Accepted Answer

Because they recognize the diversity of women’s experiences and the need for context-specific strategies.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'feminization of poverty'?

Accepted Answer

The increasing number of female-headed households and women’s concentration in low-wage, precarious jobs.

Question 14

A multi-step scenario: A development agency wants to improve healthcare access in a rural area. Most healthcare workers are women, but men control local decision-making. Using GAD principles, which two strategies should the agency prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Empower women’s participation in decision-making and address gendered power relations in healthcare delivery.

Question 15

Which formula best represents the relationship between practical and strategic gender interests in development?

Accepted Answer

$$Development\ Outcome = Practical\ Needs + Strategic\ Interests$$

Question 16

What is a key reason for incorporating intersectional analysis in development policy?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that diverse experiences of gender, class, and race are considered, leading to more equitable and effective outcomes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a critique of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) from a feminist perspective?

Accepted Answer

SAPs cut public spending and prioritized markets, disproportionately harming women, children, and vulnerable groups.

Question 18

In the context of Girls in Development (GID), what is a potential risk of campaigns like Nike’s 'Girl Effect'?

Accepted Answer

They may shift responsibility onto girls while obscuring structural inequalities and global power dynamics.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why local knowledge is important in feminist development theory?

Accepted Answer

It allows for context-specific strategies that reflect diverse women’s experiences and needs.

Question 20

A development program provides scholarships and mentorship to girls in Ghana, Malawi, and Zambia. According to the study materials, what is a critical consideration for evaluating the program’s effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Whether the program addresses both material conditions and power relations, rather than just increasing girls’ future productivity.

Presentation 1: Theories and Discourses

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards