Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between classical psychologists and psychiatrists?

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication, while psychologists typically cannot.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a control group. Which experimental design principle is she using?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

As stress levels increase, hours of sleep decrease.

Question 4

In the context of the scientific method, what is the correct order of the five steps?

Accepted Answer

Perceiving the question, formulating a theory, forming a hypothesis with operational definitions, testing the hypothesis, reporting results

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with mood regulation and is often linked to depression when levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 6

A patient suffers damage to the hippocampus. Which cognitive function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Memory formation

Question 7

In Pavlov's classic experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

The bell

Question 8

Which principle of conditioning explains why a dog salivates to a bell after it has been repeatedly paired with food?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 9

According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 10

A child is able to think logically about concrete events but struggles with abstract concepts. According to Piaget, which stage is this child in?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates Bandura's concept of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to tie shoes by watching a parent do it.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Assuming someone is late because they are lazy, rather than considering traffic.

Question 13

In Milgram's classic study on obedience, what was the main finding?

Accepted Answer

A majority of participants were willing to administer potentially lethal shocks when instructed by an authority figure.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits (O.C.E.A.N.)?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Question 15

A person who is consistently anxious, moody, and emotionally unstable would score high on which Big Five trait?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism

Question 16

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 17

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before self-actualization can be achieved?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Question 18

Which disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder

Question 19

A therapist uses systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a phobia. Which type of therapy is this?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between the independent variable (IV), dependent variable (DV), and control variables in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

$DV = f(IV, Control\ Variables)$

Introduction to Psychology: Comprehensive Study Guide

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