Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of clinical psychology as a subfield?

Accepted Answer

Diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

Question 2

Dr. Ivan Pavlov is most famous for his work in which area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning and learning

Question 3

A researcher wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on test performance. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants get

Question 4

A correlation coefficient $$r = -0.85$$ between stress and hours of sleep per night suggests:

Accepted Answer

As stress increases, hours of sleep decrease.

Question 5

Which of the following is a limitation of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

It cannot provide information about cause and effect.

Question 6

During an action potential, which ion rushes into the neuron, causing depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 7

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely result in which of the following deficits?

Accepted Answer

Impaired vision

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is implicated in depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 9

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for which of the following responses?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the 'fight or flight' response

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of brain plasticity?

Accepted Answer

The brain’s ability to reorganize itself after injury.

Question 11

Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 12

A person who cannot perceive depth using only one eye is likely missing which type of cues?

Accepted Answer

Binocular cues

Question 13

Which principle explains why we tend to group objects that are close to each other?

Accepted Answer

Proximity

Question 14

Which sequence correctly describes the path of visual information from the eye to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cornea → lens → retina → optic nerve → thalamus → visual cortex

Question 15

Which of the following statements about rods and cones is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Rods are more numerous and sensitive to low light than cones.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between taste and flavor?

Accepted Answer

Flavor is the combination of taste, smell, and other sensory inputs; taste is limited to basic tastes.

Question 17

Which brain area is especially important for integrating taste and smell to create the perception of flavor?

Accepted Answer

Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic tastes?

Accepted Answer

Spicy

Question 19

A person expects a food to taste sweet, but it is actually salty. According to research on expectancies and flavor perception, what is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The person will perceive the food as sweeter than it is.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why humans have an innate aversion to bitter tastes?

Accepted Answer

Bitter tastes often signal the presence of toxins in nature.

Introduction to Psychology: Exam 1 Study Guide (Chapters 1–4)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards