Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of structuralism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Understanding the structure and characteristics of the mind through introspection.

Question 2

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the development of functionalism?

Accepted Answer

William James

Question 3

A researcher is interested in how reinforcement and punishment shape behavior. Which psychological perspective is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your existing beliefs.

Question 5

According to the scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Accepted Answer

Identify a problem $$\rightarrow$$ formulate a hypothesis $$\rightarrow$$ collect data $$\rightarrow$$ evaluate results

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing to believe a theory even after it has been disproven by evidence.

Question 7

A therapist uses only observable behaviors to assess and treat clients, avoiding any reference to thoughts or feelings. Which school of thought does this approach reflect?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Question 8

Which of the following is a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Extraordinary claims without extraordinary evidence.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of critical thinking in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Accepting claims based on authority alone.

Question 10

A psychologist is studying how people process, store, and retrieve information. Which theoretical perspective is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between basic and applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Basic research seeks to understand how the mind works, while applied research aims to solve real-world problems.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the bandwagon fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Believing a claim is true because many people believe it.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the main idea of the psychodynamic perspective?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on unconscious motives and early childhood experiences.

Question 14

A psychologist is interested in how people’s behavior is influenced by the presence of others. Which subfield of psychology is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Social psychology

Question 15

Which of the following statements about women in psychology is accurate according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Women still represent 28% of faculty at the highest rank.

Question 16

Which of the following is a danger of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to investing time, energy, and money into ineffective treatments.

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates the use of the scientific method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Testing a hypothesis through controlled observation and experimentation.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between experimental and applied psychology?

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychology is focused on research, while applied psychology utilizes research to solve real-world problems.

Question 20

A person believes that all swans are white because they have only ever seen white swans. Which logical fallacy does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Hasty generalization

Introduction to Psychology: Foundations, Perspectives, and Scientific Thinking

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