Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main contribution of Hippocrates to early psychology?

Accepted Answer

He categorized human personalities into four temperaments based on bodily fluids.

Question 2

Which psychological approach is most closely associated with Wilhelm Wundt?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 3

A researcher claims that the mind is a blank slate at birth and all knowledge comes from experience. Which philosopher’s idea does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

John Locke

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your political beliefs.

Question 5

The image of the head with labeled regions (Image 3) is most closely associated with which historical approach to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Phrenology

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'reciprocal determinism' as described by Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by their social environment.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of analysis in psychology as shown in the Venn diagram (Image 4)?

Accepted Answer

Cultural

Question 8

A person continues to believe the earth is flat despite overwhelming scientific evidence to the contrary. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance

Question 9

Which of the following statements is a metaphysical claim?

Accepted Answer

The mind exists independently of the body.

Question 10

In the Wason selection task (Image 5), which cards should you turn over to test the hypothesis: 'All cards with a vowel on one side have an odd number on the other'?

Accepted Answer

E and 7

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A conclusion made from multiple pieces of evidence.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the 'emic' approach in cultural psychology?

Accepted Answer

Studying Japanese emotional expressions from the perspective of Japanese people.

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'naïve realism'?

Accepted Answer

Believing that your perception of the world is exactly how it is.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between the approaches of Plato and Aristotle to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Plato emphasized innate ideas, while Aristotle focused on observation and experience.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of psychological pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Phrenology

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the method of 'trepanning' used in the medieval age?

Accepted Answer

A surgical procedure to remove evil spirits by drilling holes in the skull.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of empiricism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions based on systematic observation and evidence.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'equifinality' in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Multiple factors can lead to the same outcome in human behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing to believe a debunked conspiracy theory despite new evidence.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the importance of skepticism in psychological science?

Accepted Answer

Questioning the validity of claims and seeking evidence before accepting them.

Introduction to Psychology: Historical Foundations and Scientific Thinking

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