Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a theory and a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a broad explanation that integrates numerous findings, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction that must be falsifiable.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on student performance. She randomly assigns students to either the new method or the traditional method. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of teaching method used (new vs. traditional)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in an experiment testing the effect of sleep on memory performance?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine consumption by participants before the test

Question 4

According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following would NOT be considered a biological influence on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cultural expectations about gender roles

Question 5

A psychologist is conducting a double-blind study. Which of the following statements is TRUE about this type of study?

Accepted Answer

Both the participants and the experimenters do not know who is receiving the treatment.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'operational definition' in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Measuring intelligence as the score obtained on a specific IQ test

Question 7

A study finds a correlation coefficient of $ r = -0.75 $ between hours spent watching TV and exam scores. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship: as TV watching increases, exam scores decrease.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key feature of the experimental method that helps establish causality?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment of participants to groups

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Hawthorne Effect?

Accepted Answer

Participants change their behavior because they know they are being observed.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A measure can be reliable without being valid.

Question 11

A psychologist is interested in how cultural background influences conformity. Which level of analysis from the biopsychosocial model does this focus on?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main idea of functionalism as proposed by William James?

Accepted Answer

Studying the purpose and function of behavior and conscious experience

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a demand characteristic in a psychological study?

Accepted Answer

Participants try to guess the purpose of the study and change their behavior accordingly.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main contribution of Sigmund Freud to psychology?

Accepted Answer

He developed psychoanalysis, emphasizing the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

Question 15

A researcher wants to ensure that her findings can be generalized to the broader population. Which of the following should she prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Using a random sample from the population

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between structuralism and functionalism?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism analyzes the basic elements of consciousness, while functionalism studies the purpose and function of behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main idea of Gestalt psychology?

Accepted Answer

The whole experience is more than just the sum of its parts.

Question 18

A psychologist is interested in the relationship between stress and immune function. She finds that as stress increases, immune function decreases. What type of correlation is this?

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of poor research practice according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Relying on anecdotal evidence to support a claim

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Research Ethics Board (REB)?

Accepted Answer

To protect the rights and welfare of human research participants

Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts, Methods, and Historical Foundations

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