Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'empiricism' in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge comes through experience and observation.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test whether a new teaching method improves student performance. She randomly assigns students to either the new method or the traditional method. What type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental method

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a 'confounding variable' in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A variable that unintentionally influences the results and provides an alternative explanation

Question 4

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which of the following best explains the origin of adult anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Unresolved unconscious childhood memories and aggressive impulses

Question 5

A psychologist is interested in how people respond to rewards and punishments. Which approach is most closely associated with this focus?

Accepted Answer

Radical behaviourism

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'random sampling'?

Accepted Answer

Selecting participants from a population so every individual has the same chance of being included

Question 7

A study finds a correlation coefficient of $r = -0.85$ between hours spent watching TV and exam scores. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between TV watching and exam scores.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key feature of a double-blind study?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment.

Question 9

Which temperament, according to Galen, is associated with being ambitious, energetic, and charismatic?

Accepted Answer

Sanguine (blood)

Question 10

A researcher measures the same group of participants' stress levels before and after a mindfulness intervention. What type of design is this?

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects design

Question 11

Which of the following is a major criticism of poor research practices?

Accepted Answer

Lack of falsifiable hypotheses

Question 12

Which concept refers to the degree to which a measurement procedure actually measures what it claims to measure?

Accepted Answer

Validity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the 'Hawthorne Effect'?

Accepted Answer

Subjects change their behaviour because they are aware they are being observed.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of 'structuralism' in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements

Question 15

A psychologist wants to study the effect of caffeine on memory. She gives one group caffeine and another group a placebo, then measures their recall ability. What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The recall ability measured after treatment

Question 16

Which of the following best describes 'social desirability' bias?

Accepted Answer

Participants respond in ways they think will be viewed favourably by others.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key principle of 'positive psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Promoting self-acceptance and relationships with others

Question 18

Which statistical term describes the number of observations that fall within a certain category or range of scores?

Accepted Answer

Frequency

Question 19

A researcher finds that as sleep increases, stress decreases. What type of correlation is this?

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the 'Research Ethics Board (REB)'?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the protection of human research participants

Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts, Methods, and Applications

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