Question 1

Which of the following best defines psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

The systematic study of behavior and mental processes using empirical methods.

Question 2

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory was unique because it:

Accepted Answer

Emphasized unconscious motives and early childhood experiences.

Question 3

Which modern perspective in psychology emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human potential?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic perspective

Question 4

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 5

If two variables have a negative correlation, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

As one variable increases, the other decreases.

Question 6

Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Which lobe of the brain is most closely associated with processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A sudden reversal of electrical charge that travels down the axon.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

Riding a bicycle without consciously thinking about the movements.

Question 10

A researcher wants to test whether a new teaching method improves test scores. The group using the new method is the experimental group. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

The students' test scores

Question 11

In classical conditioning, what is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Generalization is responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus; discrimination is responding only to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Taking away chores when a child gets good grades.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

Punishment

Question 14

A child learns to fear all dogs after being bitten by one. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the concept of shaping in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen, and during which stage is it most likely to cause harm?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol; embryonic stage

Question 17

According to Piaget, in which stage does a child develop the ability for abstract thinking?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the zone of proximal development (ZPD) according to Vygotsky?

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about monozygotic and dizygotic twins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are genetically identical, while dizygotic twins are no more alike than regular siblings.

Question 20

A person who gets sick after eating a certain food and then avoids that food in the future is demonstrating which concept?

Accepted Answer

Taste aversion and biological preparedness

Introduction to Psychology Midterm Review Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards