Question 1

Which of the following best describes the method used by Wilhelm Wundt to study consciousness in his psychology lab?

Accepted Answer

Introspection, where participants report their own mental experiences

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory, which factor is most influential in shaping a person's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Unconscious conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Seeking out information that supports your existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the relationship between hours spent playing video games and aggression in teenagers. Which research design is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Question 5

Which logical fallacy involves using emotions rather than evidence to support a claim?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 6

In experimental research, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The variable manipulated by the researcher

Question 7

Which of the following is a pitfall of experiments that can threaten the validity of results?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy effect, where participants change behavior due to researcher expectations

Question 8

A psychologist uses a 7-point Likert scale to measure how much a person likes cats. What type of measure is this?

Accepted Answer

Self-report measure

Question 9

Which of the following statements about correlation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not imply causation

Question 10

A researcher finds that children who eat breakfast score higher on tests, but does not manipulate breakfast consumption. What is a possible confound in this study?

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status

Question 11

Which of the following is a key ethical guideline for human research?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Question 12

What is the main advantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

High external validity (generalizability)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to stick to initial beliefs even when evidence is contradictory

Question 14

In the Stanford marshmallow experiment, what was the main variable manipulated?

Accepted Answer

Presence or absence of treats

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of operationalizing a variable?

Accepted Answer

Defining 'aggression' as the number of times a child hits another during play

Question 16

A study finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = +0.85$$ between texting and drama in relationships. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A strong positive relationship between texting and drama

Question 17

Which of the following is a disadvantage of case studies?

Accepted Answer

Low external validity

Question 18

What is the main purpose of random selection in research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the sample accurately represents the population

Question 19

Which branch of psychology focuses on diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology

Question 20

Which of the following is a key feature of a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

It must be falsifiable

Introduction to Psychology: Perspectives, Methods, and Research

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