Question 1

Which of the following best describes Wilhelm Wundt's primary contribution to psychology?

Accepted Answer

He established the first psychology lab and used introspection to study the structure of the mind.

Question 2

A psychologist wants to study the relationship between hours spent playing video games and aggression in teenagers. Which research method is most appropriate for examining the strength and direction of this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your hypothesis and only seeking information that supports it.

Question 4

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation ($r = +0.85$) between time spent texting and the number of relationship drama incidents among high school students. What can the researcher conclude from this finding?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong association between texting and relationship drama, but causation cannot be determined.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'operational definition' in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Translating 'stress' into a measurable variable, such as the score on a standardized stress questionnaire.

Question 6

In an experiment testing whether listening to music improves test performance, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Whether participants listen to music or not during the test

Question 7

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of using self-report measures in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

They are subject to response biases such as social desirability.

Question 8

A study finds that children who eat breakfast perform better on memory tests. However, the researchers did not control for socioeconomic status, which may influence both breakfast habits and test performance. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A confounding variable (third variable problem)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A measure can be reliable but not valid.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a psychological pseudoscience claim?

Accepted Answer

A claim that relies on anecdotal evidence and lacks extraordinary evidence for extraordinary claims.

Question 11

A psychologist is interested in the unconscious motives behind a patient's behavior and uses dream analysis as a tool. Which theoretical perspective is being applied?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main focus of behaviorism as a psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Studying observable behavior and how it is controlled by the environment

Question 13

A researcher wants to generalize findings from a sample to a larger population. Which procedure is most important for ensuring generalizability?

Accepted Answer

Random selection of participants from the population

Question 14

Which of the following is a key ethical guideline for human research participants?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from all participants

Question 15

A psychologist uses a 7-point Likert scale to measure how much a person likes cats. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

An operational definition

Question 16

Which of the following is a common logical fallacy found in pseudoscientific claims?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 17

In the Stanford marshmallow experiment, what was the main variable of interest?

Accepted Answer

Delay of gratification

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between basic and applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Basic research examines how the mind works, while applied research uses this knowledge to solve real-world problems.

Question 19

A researcher wants to ensure that a measure of aggression is consistent across different raters. Which type of reliability should be assessed?

Accepted Answer

Inter-rater reliability

Question 20

Which of the following is a key feature of scientific theories?

Accepted Answer

They must be falsifiable, meaning they can be proven false by evidence.

Introduction to Psychology: Perspectives, Methods, and Research Foundations

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