Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of the Biological Approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on the structure, function, development, and biochemistry of the nervous system.

Question 2

A psychologist is interested in how people make decisions when faced with uncertainty. She designs an experiment where participants must choose between two options with unknown outcomes. Which contemporary approach is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Approach

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the scientific method in psychology is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Variables are elements that can change or be manipulated in research.

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group and measures their memory performance. What type of research design is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the mean ($$\mu) $$for a set of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a key limitation of correlational research?

Accepted Answer

It cannot determine causality between variables.

Question 7

A psychologist uses a survey to measure life satisfaction. The scale ranges from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree). What type of variable is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal variable

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of random assignment in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

Assigning participants to groups using a random number generator.

Question 9

In the context of psychological research, what is the primary purpose of using a control group?

Accepted Answer

To compare the effects of the independent variable against a baseline.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Humanistic Approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on positive growth, freedom to choose, and self-actualization.

Question 11

A psychologist is interested in how cultural norms influence aggression. Which contemporary approach is most relevant to this research?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural Approach

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method as described in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring previous research findings

Question 13

Which formula represents the calculation of the standard deviation ($$\sigma) $$for a sample of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$ with mean $$\mu$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \mu)^2$}{n-1}}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a major advantage of experimental research over correlational research?

Accepted Answer

It allows researchers to establish causal relationships.

Question 15

A psychologist wants to know if a new teaching method improves student performance. She measures scores before and after the intervention. Which type of research is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the Behavioral Approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes observable behaviors and their environmental determinants.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key ethical guideline for conducting psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants.

Question 18

A scatter plot shows a positive correlation between hours studied and exam scores. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

As hours studied increase, exam scores tend to increase.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants are allowed before the test.

Introduction to Psychology: The Science of Psychology - Study Notes

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