Question 1

Which of the following best describes the method of introspection as used by Wilhelm Wundt in early psychology?

Accepted Answer

A systematic observation of conscious experience by trained individuals.

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is most responsible for influencing adult behavior?

Accepted Answer

Unconscious conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences.

Question 3

A psychologist wants to study the relationship between hours spent texting and aggression in teenagers. Which research method is most appropriate for examining this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your hypothesis while seeking out supporting information.

Question 5

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation ($$r = +0.85) $$between the number of hours children play video games and their aggression scores. Which of the following conclusions is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong relationship, but causation cannot be determined from this result.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of operational definition in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Defining 'aggression' as the number of times a child hits a peer during recess.

Question 7

In an experiment testing the effect of music on test performance, what is the dependent variable (DV)?

Accepted Answer

Test performance scores

Question 8

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using naturalistic observation as a research method?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to determine cause and effect relationships.

Question 9

A researcher wants to ensure that her sample accurately represents the population of university students. Which technique should she use?

Accepted Answer

Random selection

Question 10

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A measure can be reliable but not valid.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a third variable (confounding variable) in a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status influencing both diet and academic performance.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main focus of behaviorism as a theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

Studying observable behavior and how it is controlled by the environment.

Question 13

A psychologist is conducting a case study on a patient with a rare neurological disorder. What is a major advantage of this method?

Accepted Answer

It provides rich, detailed descriptions and data.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of emotional reasoning fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Believing a treatment works because it makes you feel better, despite lack of scientific evidence.

Question 15

In the context of the scientific method, what does it mean for a hypothesis to be falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

It must be possible to prove the hypothesis wrong through evidence.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key ethical guideline for human research?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants.

Question 17

A researcher uses a 7-point Likert scale to measure attitudes toward cats. Which concept is being illustrated?

Accepted Answer

Operational definition

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between population and sample in research?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a smaller group selected from the population.

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential pitfall of self-report methods in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Participants may respond in socially desirable ways rather than honestly.

Question 20

A study finds that children who delay gratification at age 4 have better SAT scores at age 18. Which type of research design does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Introduction to Psychology: Theoretical Perspectives, Research Methods, and Experimental Design

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