Question 1

Which of the following best describes Wilhelm Wundt's contribution to psychology?

Accepted Answer

He established the first psychology lab and emphasized introspection to study consciousness.

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which method is primarily used to access unconscious thoughts?

Accepted Answer

Dream analysis

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing to believe a myth about memory even after reading scientific evidence that disproves it.

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the relationship between texting speed and aggression in teenagers. Which research method is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research

Question 5

Which of the following statements about validity and reliability is correct?

Accepted Answer

A measure can be reliable but not valid.

Question 6

In an experiment, the independent variable (IV) is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The variable manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable.

Question 7

Which logical fallacy involves using emotions rather than evidence to support a claim?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 8

A psychologist wants to generalize findings from a study to a larger population. Which sampling method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Random selection

Question 9

Which of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

Cannot draw cause and effect conclusions

Question 10

Which theoretical perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior and rejects introspection?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Question 11

A scatter plot shows a correlation coefficient of $$r = -0.85. $$What does this indicate about the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between the variables.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of operationalizing a variable?

Accepted Answer

Defining aggression in children as the number of times a child hits another during recess.

Question 13

Which ethical guideline is most important when conducting research with minors?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining assent from the minor and informed consent from a guardian.

Question 14

A researcher finds that children who own cats are happier than those who do not. What is a possible third variable that could explain this correlation?

Accepted Answer

Family income

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of falsifiability in scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis that can be tested and potentially proven false by evidence.

Question 16

In the Stanford marshmallow experiment, what was the main finding regarding delayed gratification?

Accepted Answer

Children who delayed gratification had better outcomes later in life.

Question 17

Which research method is most appropriate for studying rare phenomena such as brain injuries?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Question 18

A psychologist uses a 7-point Likert scale to measure attitudes toward cats. What type of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Self-report

Question 19

Which of the following is a pitfall of experimental research that can threaten internal validity?

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics

Question 20

If a measure of aggression in children yields similar results when administered by different raters, this demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

Inter-rater reliability

Introduction to Psychology: Theoretical Perspectives, Scientific Methods, and Research Approaches

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