Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of empiricism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychology uses systematic observation and experimentation to acquire knowledge.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a control group and measures their recall ability. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation

Question 3

Which ethical principle requires researchers to inform participants about the nature of the study and obtain their agreement to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 4

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Question 5

A neurotransmitter binds to a receptor and activates it, causing a response in the neuron. What is this neurotransmitter called?

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of plasticity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The brain's capacity to change and reorganize itself in response to experience or injury.

Question 7

Which sleep stage is characterized by rapid eye movement and muscle paralysis?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 8

A person who experiences sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day is most likely suffering from which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 9

According to Piaget, which stage is marked by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 10

Which attachment style is demonstrated by a child who is distressed when their caregiver leaves but is quickly comforted upon their return?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 11

Which theory of color vision explains the phenomenon of afterimages?

Accepted Answer

Opponent-process theory

Question 12

A person learns to associate the sound of a bell with food, eventually salivating at the sound alone. In classical conditioning, what is the bell after conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned stimulus

Question 13

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 14

A patient cannot remember events that occurred before a head injury but can form new memories after. What type of amnesia is this?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Making decisions based on the most easily recalled information.

Question 16

According to Spearman's theory, what does the $$g$$ factor represent?

Accepted Answer

General intelligence underlying all cognitive abilities.

Question 17

In Milgram's experiment on obedience, what was the main finding?

Accepted Answer

Many people will follow orders from authority figures even when it involves harming others.

Question 18

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 19

A person who experiences persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation is most likely suffering from which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Specific phobia

Question 20

Which therapy is based on the principle of unconditional positive regard and emphasizes the client's subjective experience?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapy

Introductory Psychology: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards