$$\text{Difference} = \text{Mean}_{A} - \text{Mean}_{B}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of linguistic relativity (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)?

Accepted Answer

The language you speak influences how you think and perceive the world.

Question 2

A child says 'I goed to the park' instead of 'I went to the park.' This error is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Overregularization

Question 3

Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how easily examples come to mind?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 4

A researcher finds that people are more likely to buy insurance after seeing news about a recent disaster. This is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your beliefs and only paying attention to supporting information.

Question 6

Which stage of language development is characterized by children using two-word phrases such as 'want juice'?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech

Question 7

A person who believes that all swans are white ignores evidence of black swans. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Monday Morning Quarterback phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Believing you could have predicted an event after it has already happened.

Question 9

In the context of heuristics, what is a potential downside of relying on the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to ignoring base rate information and making inaccurate judgments.

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents the difference in mean ratings between two alternatives, as shown in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Difference} = 	ext{Mean}_{A} - 	ext{Mean}_{B}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the critical period hypothesis in language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

There is a specific time window during which language is most easily acquired.

Question 12

A bilingual child exposed to two languages from birth is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Develop proficiency in both languages, depending on age of exposure.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of metalinguistic awareness?

Accepted Answer

Understanding that the word 'bat' can refer to both an animal and a piece of sports equipment.

Question 14

Which heuristic is most likely to be influenced by emotions when making decisions?

Accepted Answer

Affect heuristic

Question 15

A person is asked to estimate the probability of an event and is influenced by the first number they hear. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anchoring heuristic

Question 16

Which of the following best describes overextension in language development?

Accepted Answer

Using a word to refer to a broader set of objects than is appropriate.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of the hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

Believing after an election that you 'knew all along' who would win.

Question 18

In the context of COVID-19 and decision making, which heuristic may lead people to overestimate the risk due to frequent media coverage?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of concepts in cognition?

Accepted Answer

They allow us to organize and categorize information efficiently.

Question 20

A person is asked to solve a problem and immediately thinks of a solution based on a similar past experience. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Analogical problem solving

Language, Thinking, and Reasoning: Study Notes for Psychology

Study Guide - Practice Questions