Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'phoneme' in language development?

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of sound our vocal apparatus produces

Question 2

A child says 'goed' instead of 'went.' This error is best explained by which concept?

Accepted Answer

Overregularization

Question 3

According to the linguistic relativity (Sapir-Whorf) hypothesis, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Language determines how we perceive and interpret the world

Question 4

Which scenario best illustrates the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Believing plane crashes are common after seeing news coverage of a recent crash

Question 5

A person continues to believe in a medical treatment even after scientific evidence disproves its effectiveness. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 6

Which of the following best defines 'syntax' in language?

Accepted Answer

Rules for combining words to create a sentence

Question 7

A child who is exposed to a second language before age 7 is more likely to achieve native-like fluency. This supports which concept?

Accepted Answer

Critical period hypothesis

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Failing to realize a paperclip can be used to unlock a door

Question 9

Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how well something matches an existing prototype?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 10

A researcher finds that people who evaluate every possible option before making a purchase are more likely to experience regret. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Maximizing

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the framing effect?

Accepted Answer

A person is more likely to choose a surgery described as having a 90% survival rate than one described as having a 10% mortality rate

Question 12

Which of the following statements about language development is supported by the nativist perspective?

Accepted Answer

Children are born with an innate ability to learn language

Question 13

A person who only seeks out information that supports their existing beliefs is demonstrating which cognitive bias?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 14

Which of the following best describes telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

Speech that includes only the most essential words, such as 'want cookie'

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the anchoring heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Estimating the value of a car based on the first price you hear

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

Believing you 'knew it all along' after learning the outcome of an event

Question 17

According to the study materials, which of the following is true about the critical period for language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

There is a limited window early in life when language is most easily acquired

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing in thinking?

Accepted Answer

Using prior knowledge to fill in gaps in understanding

Question 19

A person who judges the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to their existing stereotype is using which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'mental set'?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to approach problems using a strategy that has worked in the past

Language, Thought, and Reasoning: Key Concepts and Theories

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