Question 1

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, which of the following correctly identifies the role of the metronome after conditioning has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 2

Which process in classical conditioning describes the reduction in the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Extinction

Question 3

In the Little Albert experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus (US) that naturally elicited a fear response?

Accepted Answer

Loud noise

Question 4

A student receives praise from their professor after answering a question correctly in class. According to operant conditioning, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 5

Which of the following best describes 'spontaneous recovery' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a rest period

Question 6

A rat in a Skinner box learns to press a lever to avoid receiving a mild shock. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Avoidance learning

Question 7

Which reinforcement schedule is most likely to produce a high and steady rate of responding, as seen in gambling behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 8

In operant conditioning, what is the role of a discriminative stimulus?

Accepted Answer

It signals whether a response will be reinforced

Question 9

A child is grounded (cannot go out with friends) after misbehaving. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment

Question 10

Which process in operant conditioning involves learning to respond only to the original discriminative stimulus and not to similar stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Question 11

If a behavior is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, which type of operant conditioning is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the basic relationship in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$$NS + US \rightarrow UR$$

Question 13

A teacher gives extra credit to students who submit assignments early. This is an example of which operant conditioning principle?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of generalization in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A child responds to all adults as if they were their parent after being rewarded for responding to their parent

Question 15

In the context of reinforcement schedules, which schedule delivers reinforcement after a set number of responses?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why gambling can become addictive according to operant conditioning principles?

Accepted Answer

Gambling uses a variable ratio schedule, making rewards unpredictable and frequent

Question 17

A student studies hard to avoid getting a bad grade. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Avoidance learning

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a process of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Shaping

Question 19

In operant conditioning, which brain regions are most associated with dopamine and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus accumbens (NA) and ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 20

A parent scolds a child for drawing on the walls, resulting in the child stopping this behavior. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment

Lecture 8: Learning – Classical and Operant Conditioning

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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